Arequipa is considered the Legal Capital of Peru and also the White City. It is one of the most important industrial and commercial centers of Peru, especially for camelid wool.
It has an important historic center considered a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, with religious architecture and buildings that mix European colonial and indigenous styles, which even had its own art school, the "Arequipa School."
It is located at more than 2,300 meters above sea level, in the district of Uchumayo, within the Arequipa Valley, crossed by the Chili River. In the middle of the geography of hills and desert, Arequipa is considered a fertile oasis. It is also surrounded by volcanic formations such as Pichu Pichu, Chachani and Misti.
The climate of Arequipa is semi-arid, with dry characteristics and moderate temperatures. For this reason it is called "City of the eternal blue sky", with more than 300 days of sunshine a year.
Among its attractions we find various cultural displays in a large number of museums where we can appreciate the city's architecture, mummies of the ancient peoples who inhabited the area, pieces of pottery and textiles, among others.
History
The city was founded in 1540 by Garci Manuel de Carbajal, in the sector occupied by some indigenous peoples. In the city, works such as the Main Church, the Town Hall, the Chili River Bridge and the Monastery of Our Lady of Grace were carried out.
The city achieved its independence in 1821, despite being recognized for its Fidelism, or loyalty to the Spanish crown.
After this, the city was characterized by the development of wool trade and export, developing the industrial park of Arequipa. Its Historic Center was declared a World Heritage Site.
Cultural Traditions and Dances
Arequipa stands out for its cultural traditions and dances that reflect its richness and diversity; these customs from ancient times until today are a fundamental part of its identity and heritage, attracting locals and tourists.
The Wititi Dance: Cultural Heritage
The Wititi Dance, originating from the Colca and Lares valleys in Arequipa, is a cultural symbol of the region, considered Cultural Heritage of the Nation. This dance represents the courtship of a young man in love who dresses up as a woman to meet his beloved at a party in another town.
The Wititi stands out for its preservation of the ancestral traditions of Arequipa, with its movements, music and clothing; through this dance, homage is paid to the cultural identity of the region.
The Sillar Constructions: Colonial Architecture
The buildings made of sillar, a greyish white volcanic stone, are a key element of the colonial architecture of Arequipa. This material is abundant in the region and is used in the construction of various structures.
The colonial architecture of Arequipa combines the mestizo baroque style with Spanish and indigenous influences; the buildings are known for their beauty, durability and details carved in stone.
Among the main examples of ashlar constructions are the Arequipa Cathedral, the Society of Jesus and the Church of San Francisco; these buildings not only stand out for their architecture but also for their historical and cultural value.
The Pícaras Coplas Arequipeñas: Popular Expression
The pícaras coplas are humorous and satirical verses that address everyday and social issues transmitted from generation to generation; they emerged in colonial times as a discreet form of criticism and opinions.
These popular couplets in festivities and celebrations, are recited by improvisers called "copleros" and stand out for their sharpness and creativity, reflecting the idiosyncrasy of Arequipa.
Religious Traditions and Pilgrimages
In the region of Arequipa, Peru, religious traditions and pilgrimages form a vital fabric in the culture and soul of its people. These deep-rooted practices are intertwined with history, faith and ancestral beliefs, giving rise to moving and meaningful events.
The Pilgrimage of the Virgin of Chapi: Faith and Devotion
The Pilgrimage of the Virgin of Chapi attracts thousands of believers every year, based on stories of miracles and healings attributed to the Virgin; it is an event that symbolizes faith, hope and devotion, especially in times of difficulty.
Pilgrims, both local and foreign, make a spiritual journey to the sanctuary of the Virgin of Chapi, where they participate in rituals and religious chants. The pilgrimage fosters community and solidarity among the faithful who share experiences and testimonies.
The Procession of Unburied Bones: Ancestral Ritual
The Procession of Unburied Bones is an ancestral ritual that honors ancestors and reflects the connection between the living and the dead. It is performed on specific dates, seeking to keep alive the memory of those who have passed away.
During the procession, participants carry skulls and bones of their loved ones adorned and venerated with songs, dances and offerings. This tradition strengthens the identity and cultural continuity of the Andean communities, uniting the past and the present.
Unique Customs of Arequipa
The customs of Arequipa reflect its cultural diversity and natural wealth, providing locals and tourists with a unique experience. From ancient traditions to modern celebrations, the white city continues to captivate those who explore its cultural legacy.
Bullfighting: Tradition and Courage
The Bullfight is an important tradition in Arequipa, celebrated in various festivities, which attracts locals and tourists. During the event, selected bulls face each other on a prepared stage, while the public cheers enthusiastically. Although controversial for some, it is seen by the local community as an expression of identity and respect for tradition.
The Burning of Judas: Symbolism and Renewal
The Burning of Judas is an activity of Holy Week in Arequipa, symbolizing the story of good over evil and the spiritual renewal of Lent. During this event, straw dolls are made that represent Judas Iscariot or controversial figures, which are then burned in an act of purification.
The community gathers around the bonfires, singing and dancing while the dolls burn. This practice not only has a religious meaning, but also a social one, being an occasion to reinforce unity and local identity.
Visiting the Laguna de Tingo: Nature and Recreation
The Laguna de Tingo, located near Arequipa, is a natural destination surrounded by mountains and vegetation ideal for outdoor activities; Visitors can enjoy boat rides, observe wildlife and relax on its shores.
This place is not only a tourist attraction, but also sacred to local communities who perform rituals in honor of the spirits of nature.
Frequently Asked Questions About Arequipa's Customs
Here we will answer some frequently asked questions about Arequipa's customs.
What are the Main Customs of Arequipa?
In Arequipa, Arequipa Day, celebrated on August 15, commemorates its Spanish foundation with parades, fairs and cultural events; this holiday highlights the history and identity of the city.
Gastronomy is an essential part of local customs, with typical dishes such as rocoto relleno, adobo arequipeño and chicha de jora that are part of Arequipa's culinary tradition.
What is Arequipa's Culture like?
Arequipa's culture is a mix of indigenous, Spanish and mestizo influences that are reflected in its colonial architecture, such as churches and plazas; music, dance and festivities are also essential to preserve the city's identity.
In addition, local crafts and gastronomy, with typical dishes that reveal Arequipa's cultural life, keeping its ancestral traditions alive.
What stands out most about Arequipa?
Arequipa stands out for its natural and urban landscape, with volcanoes such as the Misti, the colonial architecture in white ashlar; the city known as the "white city" offers an impressive view with its squares, churches and cobblestone streets.
Its rich history, culture and gastronomy, with typical dishes make Arequipa an attractive destination for tourists, local festivities and traditions also enrich the experience of those who visit it.